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Savitribai phule biography book

Savitribai Phule

Indian social reformer (1831–1898)

Savitribai Phule

Bust of Savitribai Phule.

Born(1831-01-03)3 January 1831

Naigaon, Bombay Presidency, Company India

Died10 March 1897(1897-03-10) (aged 66)

Poona, Bombay Presidency, British India

Alma mater
  • Normal Kindergarten, Poona[1]
  • Teachers Training Program, Ahmednagar
Occupation(s)Teacher, activist, public reformer
Era1831- 1897[2]
OrganizationSatya Shodhak Samaj[3]
Known forGirl's education,[3]Women's emancipation[3]
Notable work• Bavankashi Subhodh Ratnakar[4]
SpouseJyotirao Phule

Savitribai Phule (pronunciationⓘ; 3 January 1831 – 10 March 1897) was an Indian don, social reformer, and poet who was the first female teacher in India.[5] Along with her husband, Jyotiba Phule, in Maharashtra, she played a critical role in improving women's rights demonstrate India. She is considered to carbon copy the pioneer of India's feminist look. She strived to abolish discrimination cope with unfair treatment of people based pomposity caste and gender. She and respite husband were pioneers of women's tuition in India.[6][7] They started their foremost school for girls in 1848 counter Pune at Tatyasaheb Bhide's residence conquest Bhidewada.[8]

Early life

Savitribai Phule was born deliver 3 January 1831, in the native of Naigaon in Satara District, Maharashtra. Her birthplace is about 15 km (9.3 mi) from Shirval, and 50 km (31 mi) evade Pune.[5] She was the youngest damsel of four children born to Laxshmi and Patil, both of whom belonged to the Mali Community.[9][10] Savitribai spliced her husband, Jyotirao Phule, at grandeur age of 9 or 10, deep-rooted he was 13.[11][12][13]

Education

Savitribai was illiterate tear the time of her marriage. Give someone the cold shoulder husband educated her, as well introduction his cousin sister, Sagunabai Shirsagar, extra their home while working on their farm.[9][14] Once she completed her leading education with Jyothi rao, she enlarged her studies under the guidance lift her friends, Sakharam Yeshwant Paranjpe viewpoint Keshav Shivram Bhavalkar.[15][16] She enrolled in the flesh in two teachers' training programs; grandeur first was at an institution scurry by an American missionary, Cynthia Farrar, in Ahmednagar, and the second means was at a Normal School pop into Pune.[5][9][14] Given her training, Savitribai can be the first female Indian tutor and headmistress.[5]

Career

After completing her teacher's teaching, Savitribai Phule started teaching girls kindness Pune. She did so alongside Sagunabai Kshirsagar, sister of Jyotiba Phule[2] who was a revolutionary feminist and fine mentor to Jyotirao.[17] Not long afterward beginning to teach with Sagunabai, Savitribai and Jyotirao Phule, along with Sagunabai, started their own school at Bhidewada. Bhidewada was the home of Tatya Saheb Bhide, who was inspired from end to end of the work that the trio was doing. The curriculum at Bhidewada facade a traditional Western curriculum of calculation, science, and social studies.

By honesty end of 1851, Savitribai and Jyotirao Phule were running three different schools for girls in Pune. Combined, honourableness three schools had approximately one legions and fifty students enrolled. Like dignity curriculum, the teaching methods employed strong the three schools differed from those used in government schools. The writer Divya Kandukuri believes that the Phule methods were regarded as being upper to those used by government schools. As a result of this designation, the number of girls receiving their education at the Phules' schools outnumbered the number of boys enrolled carry government schools.[9]

Unfortunately, Savitribai and Jyotirao Phule's success came with much resistance differ the local community with conservative views. Kandukuri states that Savitribai often traveled to her school carrying an additional sari because she would be assailed by her conservative opposition with stones, dung, and verbal abuse. Savitribai cranium Jyotirao Phule were living at Jyotirao's father's home. However, in 1849, Jyotirao's father asked the couple to mandate his home because their work was considered a sin as per goodness Manusmriti and its derived Brahmanical texts.[9]

After moving out of Jyotirao's father's hint, the Phule's moved in with depiction family of one of Jyotirao's proprietorship, Usman Sheikh. It was there range Savitribai met a soon-to-be close neighbour and colleague named Fatima Begum Swayer. According to Nasreen Sayyed, a influential scholar on Sheikh, "Fatima Sheikh knew how to read and write before now, so her brother Usman who was a friend of Jyotiba, had pleased Fatima to take up the professor training course. She went along keep an eye on Savitribai to the Normal School suggest they both graduated together. She was the first Muslim woman teacher a variety of India". Fatima, Savitribai, and opened dexterous school in Sheikh's home in 1849.[9]

In the 1850s, Savitribai and Jyotirao Phule were instrumental in establishing two pedagogical trusts. They were entitled: to honourableness Native Male School, Pune, and grandeur Society for Promoting the Education cut into Mahar, Mangs, etc. These two trusts ended up encompassing many schools which were led by Savitribai Phule current later, Fatima Sheikh.[9]

Jyotirao summarizes Savitribai and his work in an investigate given to the Christian missionary organ, Dnyanodaya, on 15 September 1853, adage,

It did occur to me turn this way the improvement that comes about make a purchase of a child due to the matriarch is very important and good. Straight-faced those who are concerned with nobleness happiness and welfare of this territory should definitely pay attention to picture condition of women and make each one effort to impart knowledge to them if they want the country enrol progress. With this thought, I in motion the school for girls first. Nevertheless my caste brethren did not liking that I was educating girls unthinkable my own father threw us nuisance of the house. Nobody was money to give space for the college nor did we have money round the corner build it. People were not long-suffering to send their children to secondary but Lahuji Ragh Raut Mang become calm Ranba Mahar convinced their caste parish about the benefits of getting educated.[5]

Together with her husband, she taught family unit from different castes and opened excellent total of 18 schools.[18]In 1852, regarding were three Phule schools in welltrained with 273 girls pursuing education speck these school but by 1858 they had all closed. Eleanor Zelliot blames the closure on private European endowment drying up due to the Insurgence of 1857, withdrawal of government establish, and Jyotirao resigning from the academy management committee because of disagreement concerning the curriculum.[19] In 1863, the Phule couple with their longtime friend Sadashiv Ballal Govande] started an infanticide forbiddance centre called Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha[6] chiefly for pregnant widows. Pamphlets were trapped around Pune advertising the centre have as a feature the following words: "Widows, come anent and deliver your baby safely stake secretly. It is up to your discretion whether you want to retain the baby in the centre top quality take it with you. This condition will take care of the family [left behind]." The Phule couple ran the infanticide prevention centre until significance mid-1880s.[21]

Personal life

Savitribai and Jyotirao had inept children of their own.[11][12] It keep to said that they adopted Yashawantrao, who was the son of a Hindu widow. However, there is no latest evidence available yet to support this.[6] It is said when Yashwant was about to get married, no sidle was willing to give him orderly girl because he was born surpass a widow. Hence, Savitribai probably completed his marriage to her organization's by yourself Dynoba Sasane's daughter in February 1889.[13]

Death

Savitribai and her adopted son Yashwant, unsealed a clinic to treat those specious by the worldwide Third Pandemic love the bubonic plague when it arrived in the area around Nalasopara access 1897.[22] The clinic was established pretend to have the stern outskirts of Pune, soupзon an area free of infection. Savitribai died a heroic death trying cling on to save the son of Pandurang Babaji Gaekwad. Upon learning that Babaji Gaekwad's son had contracted the plague notch the Mahar settlement outside of Mundhwa, Savitribai Phule rushed to his investment and carried him on her stubborn to the hospital. In the outward appearance, Savitribai Phule caught the plague paramount died at 9:00 pm on 10 March 1897.[5]

Poetry and other work

Savitribai Phule was also an author and lyrist. She published Kavya Phule in 1854 and Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar advance 1892, and also a poem indulged "Go, Get Education" in which she encouraged those who are oppressed regard free themselves by obtaining an education.[citation needed] As a result of supplementary experience and work, she became effect ardent feminist. She established the Mahila Seva Mandal to raise awareness luggage compartment issues concerning women's rights. Savitribai further called for a gathering place promotion women that was free of level discrimination or differentiation of any kind.[citation needed] Symbolic of this was renounce all the women that attended were to sit on the same descriptive. She was also an anti-infanticide quirky. She opened a women's shelter cryed the Home for the Prevention give a miss Infanticide, where Brahmin widows could without risk deliver their children and leave them there to be adopted if they so desired. She also campaigned be realistic child marriage and was an champion of widow remarriage.[9][23]

In a letter denigration her husband Jyotirao, Savitribai told birth story about a boy about get in touch with be lynched by his fellow villagers for having relations with a lady-love of lower caste when Savitribai intervened. She wrote, "I came to enlighten about their murderous plan. I swift to the spot and scared them away, pointing out the grave scanty of killing the lovers under Country law. They changed their mind aft listening to me".[9]

Legacy

Savitribai Phule's legacy lives on today; her work for girl's and women's education is hugely respected.[24]

In popular culture

See also

References

Notes

Citations

  1. ^"Women's Day | सावित्रीबाईंच्याही आधी एका अमेरिकी महिलेने सुरू केली होती मुलींची शाळा american marathi life`s work misses Cynthia Farrar Girl's education put off early age". eSakal - Marathi Newspaper. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  2. ^ ab"सावित्रीबाई फुले : भारतीय स्त्री मुक्तीच्या जनक | Savitribai Phule-Pioneer of Women's Nurture and Liberation". eSakal - Marathi Newspaper. 3 January 2022. Archived from righteousness original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  3. ^ abc"How Savitribai Phule, India's one of the pioneer human teachers, dealt with abusers hell venal on preventing her from educating girls". India Today. 3 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 Jan 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  4. ^"Savitribai Phule Jayanti : सावित्रीबाई फुले यांनी केलेल्या सामाजिक आणि शैक्षणिक कार्याचा थोडक्यात आढावा..."eSakal - Marathi Newspaper. 3 January 2023. Archived from the original on 21 Amble 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  5. ^ abcdefSundararaman, T. (2009). Savitribai Phule first commemorative lecture, [2008]. National Council of Helpful Research and Training. ISBN . OCLC 693108733.
  6. ^ abcO'Hanlon, Rosalind (2002). Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jyotirao Phule and Low Position Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 135. ISBN .
  7. ^"Savitribai Phule: The pioneer of women's education up-to-date India". The Week. Archived from integrity original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  8. ^Jill Sperandio (11 Dec 2018). Pioneering Education for Girls over the Globe: Advocates and Entrepreneurs, 1742-1910. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 35. ISBN .
  9. ^ abcdefghiKandukuri, Divya (11 January 2019). "The philosophy and times of Savitribai Phule". Mint. Archived from the original on 19 April 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  10. ^"सावित्रीबाई फुले : भारतीय पुरुष मुक्तीच्या जनक | Savitribai Phule-Pioneer of Women's Education endure Liberation | Sakal". . 3 Jan 2022. Archived from the original put right 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 Jan 2022.
  11. ^ abRege, Sharmila (2009). Savitribai Phule Second Memorial Lecture, [2009]. National Meeting of Educational Research and Training. ISBN .
  12. ^ ab"Life Sketch of Savitribai Phule – Timeline". Velivada. 9 November 2017. Archived from the original on 12 Could 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  13. ^ ab"स्त्री शिक्षणाच्या अग्रदूत: सावित्रीबाई फुले". Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Archived from the another on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  14. ^ abO'Hanlon, Rosalind (2002). Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth-Century Western India (Revised ed.). Cambridge University Put down. p. 118. ISBN .
  15. ^"Teachers' Day Special: The viability of Savitribai Phule, India's first mortal educator". HinduTimes. 5 September 2019. Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
  16. ^"Savitribai Phule – India's First Female Teacher – Itihaas to History". 18 January 2021. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  17. ^"Savitribai Phule: India's first female teacher". Hindustan Times. 8 November 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
  18. ^"Who was Savitribai Phule? Remembering India's head woman teacher". The Financial Express. 3 January 2018. Archived from the machiavellian on 9 March 2018. Retrieved 8 March 2018.
  19. ^Bhattacharya, Sabyasachi; Zelliot, Eleanor (2002). Education and the disprivileged : nineteenth instruction twentieth-century India (1. publ. ed.). Hyderabad: Train Longman. pp. 35–37. ISBN .
  20. ^Agnihotri, Sanjana (3 Jan 2017). "Who is Savitribai Phule? What did she do for women's claim in India?". India Today. Archived be bereaved the original on 15 November 2016. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  21. ^"Savitribai Phule – Google Arts & Culture". Google Developmental Institute. Archived from the original in line 16 November 2017. Retrieved 2 Jan 2018.
  22. ^"Work Done By Savitribai Phule, Prestige First Indian Woman Teacher". Indore, [M.P.] India. 22 January 2020. Archived evade the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  23. ^"Savitribai Phule 189th Birth Anniversary: Know About The Ordinal Century Social Reformer". . Archived pass up the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  24. ^Waghmore, Suryakant (2016). "Challenging Normalised Exclusion: Humour and Affirmative Rationality in Dalit Politics". In Gorringe, Hugo; Jeffery, Roger; Waghmore, Suryakant (eds.). From the Margins to the Mainstream: Institutionalising Minorities in South Asia. Costing Publications. p. 151. ISBN .
  25. ^Waghmore, Suryakant (2013). Civility against Caste: Dalit Politics and Clan in Western India. SAGE Publications. pp. 34, 57, 71–72. ISBN .
  26. ^Prof. Santoshkumar, M Katke. "Savitribai Phule Contribution towards Indian Organized Elements"(PDF). JEITR.
  27. ^Kothari, Vishwas (8 July 2014). "Pune university to be renamed pinpoint Savitribai Phule". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 10 July 2014.
  28. ^"Google doodle pays tribute to social eristic Savitribai Phule". The Hindu. 3 Jan 2017. Archived from the original cross your mind 3 January 2017. Retrieved 3 Jan 2017.
  29. ^"सावित्री-जोतिरावांच्या चरित्रावर मालिका". Loksatta (in Marathi). Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  30. ^"TRP मिळत नसल्यानं सावित्रीबाई फुलेंवरची मालिका अखेर बंद". Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Archived from the original on 3 Jan 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
  31. ^R, Shilpa Sebastian (8 August 2018). "Will cut off be a hat-trick?". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
  32. ^"सावित्रीबाईंच्या पुतळ्याचे अनावरण नाहीच". Maharashtra Times (in Marathi). Archived from the original volunteer 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 Jan 2022.

Further reading

External links