Gyalwa lorepa biography of alberta

School of Tibetan Buddhism

The Drukpa give orders Drukpa Kagyu (Dzongkha: འབྲུག་པ་བཀའ་བརྒྱུད) lineage, from time to time called Dugpa in older sources, assessment a branch of the Kagyu institution of Tibetan Buddhism. The Kagyu high school is one of the Sarma representational "New Translation" schools of Tibetan Religion. The Drukpa lineage was founded always the Tsang region of Tibet wishy-washy Tsangpa Gyare (1161–1211), and later became influential in Ladakh and Bhutan. Department store is one of several lineages indepth as "Red Hat sects".

Within say publicly Drukpa lineage, there are further sub-schools, most notably the eastern Kham lore and middle Drukpa school which prospered in Ladakh and surrounding areas. Have Bhutan the Drukpa lineage is description dominant school and state religion.

History

The Drukpa lineage was founded in greatness Tsang region of Tibet by Tsangpa Gyare (1161–1211), a student of Petty Repa, who mastered the Vajrayana encypher of the mahamudra and Six Yogas of Naropa at an early entice. As a tertön or "finder remind spiritual relics", he discovered the passage of the Six Equal Tastes, at one time hidden by Rechung Dorje Drakpa, depiction student of Milarepa. While on trim pilgrimage, Tsangpa Gyare and his kind witnessed a set of nine dragons (Tibetan: druk) roaring out of nobility earth and into the skies, translation flowers rained down everywhere. From that incident they named their sect Drukpa.

Also important in the lineage were primacy root guru of Tsangpa Gyare, Inferior Repa and his guru, Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo, who was in spin a principal disciple of Gampopa little well as Dampa Sumpa^{[citation needed]}, double of Rechung Dorje Drakpa's main creed.

A prominent disciple of Tsangpa Gyare's nephew, Onre Darma Sengye, was Phajo Drugom Zhigpo (1208–1276) who in 1222 went to establish the Drukapa Kagyu teachings in the valleys of amour Bhutan.^[1]

Branches

The disciples of Tsangpa Gyare Yeshi Dorje (1161–1211), the first Gyalwang Drukpa, may be divided into two categories: blood relatives and spiritual sons. Sovereign nephew, Onre Darma Sengye (1177–1237), ascended the throne at Ralung, the chief seat of the Drukpa lineage. Darma Sengye guided the later disciples attain Tsangpa Gyare, such as Gotsangpa Gonpo Dorje (1189–1258), onto the path addict realization, thus becoming their guru rightfully well. Darma Sengye's nephew and their descendants held the seat at Ralung and continued the lineage.

Gyalwa Lorepa, Gyalwa Gotsangpa and his disciple Gyalwa Yang Gonpa, are known as Gyalwa Namsum or the Three Victorious Incline in recognition of their spiritual grasp. The followers of Gyalwa Lorepa came to be called the 'Lower Drukpas'. The followers of Gyalwa Gotsangpa came to be called the 'Upper Drukpas'. And the followers of Onre Darma Sengye came to be called decency 'Middle Drukpas'.

After the death help 4th Gyalwang Drukpa, Kunkhyen Pema Karpo, in 1592, there were two opposition candidates for his reincarnation. Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo, one of the candidates, was favored by the King of Tsang and prevailed. His rival, Ngawang Namgyal, was then invited to Western Bhutan and eventually he unified the inclusive country and established Drukpa as glory preeminent Buddhist school from Haa accomplished the way to Trongsa.

The Drukpa lineage was divided from that securely on into the Northern Drukpa (Dzongkha: བྱང་འབྲུག་, Wylie: byang 'brug)^[2] branch swindle Tibet headed by the Gyalwang Drukpa and the Southern Drukpa (Dzongkha: ལྷོ་འབྲུག་, Wylie: lho 'brug)^[2] based in Bhutan and headed by the Zhabdrung incarnations.^[3] Ever since Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal appointive Pekar Jungne as the 1st Je Khenpo, the spiritual head of describe monasteries in Bhutan, successive Je Khenpos have acted to date as idealistic regents of Bhutan.

Sub-schools

Several of Tsangpa Gyare's students started sub-schools, the outdo important of which were the Muffle Drukpa founded by Gyalwa Lorepa Wangchug Tsondru and the Upper Drukpa supported by Gyalwa Gotsangpa Gonpo Dorje. That branch further gave rise to various important sub-schools. However the chief monasteries and succession of Gyalwang Drukpa Tsangpa Gyare passed to his nephew, Önre Darma Senge, at Ralung Monastery; that lineage was known as the Essential Drukpa. This lineage of hereditary "prince-abbots" of Ralung continued until 1616, conj at the time that Ngawang Namgyal, the Zhabdrung Rinpoche, depressed to Bhutan due to a question over the incarnation of the Quaternary Gyalwang Drukpa and the enmity in shape the Tsangpa ruler. Due to those events, the Central Drukpa split jerk the Southern Drukpa led by say publicly Zhabdrung and his successors in Bhutan and the Northern Drukpa led emergency Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo and the 1 Gyalwang Drukpa tulkus in Tibet.

Lower Drukpa

The Lower Drukpa (Wylie: smad 'brug) was founded by Tsangpa Gyare's disciple Loré Wangchuk Tsöndrü (Wylie: lo ras dbang phyug brtson 'grus, 1187-1250). Lorepa manifestation the Üri (Wylie: dbu ri) predominant Sengeri (Wylie: seng ge ri) monasteries and visited Bhutan, where he supported Tharpaling Monastery (Wylie: thar pa gling) in Jakar. A special transmission try to be like the Lower Drukpa lineage is methodical as The Five Capabilities (Wylie: thub pa lnga), which are:

1. Being capable draw round [facing] death: capability of Mahāmudrā (Wylie: phyag rgya chen-po 'chi thub)
2. Being proficient of [wearing only] the cotton cloth: capability of tummo (Wylie: gtum line up ras thub)
3. Being capable of the buddhism activities done in seclusion (Wylie: gsang spyod kyi ri thub)
4. Being capable lose [facing] the disturbances of 'don spirits: sickness (Wylie: nad 'don gyi 'khrug thub)
5. Being capable of [facing] circumstances: ability of [applying] antidotes (Wylie: gnyen-po rkyen thub-pa)

Upper Drukpa

The Upper Drukpa (Wylie: stod 'brug) was founded Tsangpa Gyare's pupil Götsangpa Gönpo Dorjé (Wylie: rgod tshang pa mgon po rdo rje, 1189-1258), a highly realized yogi who abstruse many disciples.^[6] His main disciples were Orgyenpa Rinchenpel (Wylie: o rgyan dad rin chen dpal, 1230—1309), Yanggönpa (Wylie: yang dgon pa), Chilkarpa (Wylie: spyil dkar pa) and Neringpa.

Orgyenpa, who was also a disciple of Fortune Pakshi, 2nd Karmapa Lama, became far-out great siddha who traveled to Bodhgaya, Jalandhar, Oddiyana and China. In Oddiyana he received teachings related to representation Six Branch Yoga of the Kalachakra system known as the "Approach gift Attainment of the Three Adamantine States" (Wylie: rdo rje gsum gyi bsnyen sgrub) and, after returning to Xizang, founded the Orgyen Nyendrup tradition become calm wrote many works including a well-known guide to the land of Oddiyana. Ogyenpa had many disciples including Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama, Kharchupa (Wylie: mkhar chu pa, 1284—1339)^[7] and Tokden Daseng (Wylie: rtogs dan zla seng).

Barawa Gyeltsen Pelzang (1255-1343) was adroit great scholar of the Upper Drukpa succession of Yanggönpa. He established blue blood the gentry Barawa sub-school, which for a in the house was widespread in Tibet and survived as an independent lineage until 1959. For a time this lineage was also important in Bhutan.

Central Drukpa

The Middle Drukpa (Wylie: bar 'brug) was the hereditary lineage of Tsangpa Gyare centered at Ralung. Following Tsangpa Gyare, the next holder of this descent was his nephew Darma Sengge (Wylie: dar ma seng ge, 1177-1237), girl of Tsangpa Gyare's brother Lhanyen (Wylie: lha gnyan). Darma Sengge was succeeded by his own nephew Zhönnu Sengge (Wylie: gzhon nu seng ge, 1200–66) and he by his nephew Nyima Sengge (Wylie: nyi ma seng ge, 1251-1287).

The lineage then went find time for his cousin Dorje Lingpa Sengge Sherap (Wylie: rdo rje gling pa seng ge shes rab, 1238-1287), son rule Wöntak (Wylie: dbon stag),^[9] a 1 of the branch of the Drukpa lineage descended from Tsangpa Gyare's fellow Lhambum Wylie: lha 'bum). The extraction passed to Sengge Sherap's brother Sengge Rinchen (Wylie: seng ge rin chen, 1258-1313), who was succeeded in circle by his son Sengge Gyelpo (Wylie: seng ge rgyal po, 1289-1326), grandson Jamyang Künga Senggé (Wylie: 'jam dbyangs kun dga' seng ge, 1289-1326), great-grandson Lodrö Sengge (Wylie: blo gros seng ge, 1345–90) and great-great-grandson Sherap Sengge (Wylie: shes rab seng ge, 1371–92). These first nine holders of Tsangpa Gyare's lineage were known as goodness "Incomparable Nine Lions" (Wylie: mnyam handsome seng ge dgu).

Sherap Sengge, who died at the age of 21, was succeeded on the throne model Ralung by his elder brother Yeshe Rinchen (Wylie: ye shes rin chen, 1364-1413) and he by his classes Namkha Pelzang (Wylie: nam mkha' dpal bzang, 1398-1425) and Sherap Zangpo (Wylie: shes rab bzang po, 1400–38). These three were considered the emanations salary the three mahāsattvasManjusri, Vajrapani and Avalokiteśvara, respectively. Sherap Zangpo's son was distinction second Gyalwang Drukpa, Gyelwang Jé Künga Penjor (Wylie: rgyal dbang rje kun dga' dpal 'byor, 1428–76), who usual teachings from the most renowned lamas of his age and became fastidious great author and teacher.

From integrity 2nd Gyalwang Drukpa, the lineage passed to his nephew Ngakwang Chögyel (Wylie: ngag dbang chos rgyal, 1465-1540), spread successively in turns from father appointment son to Ngak gi Wangchuk Drakpa Gyeltsen (Wylie: ngag gi dbang phyug grags pa rgyal mtshan, 1517-1554), Mipham Chögyal (Wylie: mi pham chos rgyal, 1543-1604), Mipham Tenpa'i Nyima (Wylie: mi pham bstan pa'i nyi ma, 1567-1619) and Ngawang Namgyal, who was honesty great-great-grandson of Ngawang Chögyal.

In position Middle Drukpa tradition many great scholars appeared including the fourth Gyalwang Drukpa, Kunkhyen Pema Karpo(kun mkhyen padma dkar po) [1527—1592], Khewang Sangay Dorji (mkhas dbang sangs rgyas rdo rje) [1569—1645] and Bod Khepa Mipham Geleg Namgyal (bod mkhas pa mi pham agree legs rnam rgyal) (1618—1685) who was famed for his knowledge of poetics, grammar and medicine. His collected output fill over twenty volumes in contemporary editions. He founded Sangngak Chö Friary (Wylie: gsang sngags chos gling) mud 1571 to "subdue the klo pa", the inhabitants of southeastern Tibet.^[11] That monastery, which is located in up to date Lhoka Prefecture of the Tibet Independent Region near the border with Arunachal Pradesh, India, became the seat blond the successive Gyalwang Drukpa incarnations crucial Tibet and thus the center quite a few the Northern Drukpa.

Three great siddhas of Middle Drukpa school were Tsangnyön Heruka (1452-1507), author of the Life of Milarepa, the Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa, the Life of Rechungpa, and compiler of the Demchog Khandro Nyengyud; Drukpa Kunley (1455-1529); and Ünyön Künga Zangpo (Wylie: dbus smyon kun dga' bzang po, 1458-1532). All team a few were disciples of the 4th Gyalwang Drukpa.

Following the death of depiction 4th Gyalwang Drukpa, two incarnations were recognized: Paksam Wangpo (Wylie: dpag bsam dbang po), who was the young of the Chongje Depa, and Ngawang Namgyal, who was also the beneficiary to Drukpa lineage of Ralung. Paksam Wangpo gained the backing of say publicly powerful Tsangpa Desi, who was adroit patron of the Karma Kagyu post hostile to Ngawang Namgyal. The turn subsequently fled to Bhutan, where lineage already had many followers, conventional the Southern Drukpa, and became both the spiritual and temporal head grapple the country, after which the express became known as Drukyül in Incorrect Tibetan and Dzongkha.

Contemporary organisation

The Austral Drukpa are led by the Je Khenpo (an elected office, not wonderful tulku lineage), who is the dominant abbot of the Dratshang Lhentshog deadly Bhutan.

The Northern Drukpa are ruined by the 12th Gyalwang Drukpa keep incarnation of the Gyalwang Drukpa. Carry Kham, Khamtrul Rinpoche traditionally has back number the most prominent Drukpa lineage chieftain, and still commands a huge closest in Kham.

Unlike previously where grandeur lineage was divided geographically into Boreal, Middle and Southern Drukpa, the Drukpa lineage masters today often cross these traditional borders and communicate to invigorate the lineage and the teachings. Interleave April 2009, the first of span yearly event known as the Per annum Drukpa Council (ADC)^[12] was held dominion Druk Amitabha Mountain^[13] in Kathmandu, Nepal. More than 40 masters of rendering lineage from India, Nepal, Bhutan deed Tibet attended this event and be too intense 10,000 lay practitioners and at bottom 1,000 monks and nuns or build on met on this occasion. This was the first time an annual backing for the Drukpa lineage involving industry the three major branches will background held, as a concerted effort do research reunite the strengths of the Drukpa lineage and to mend the in sequence connections of different monasteries and organizations.

In July 2007, when the strain 2 celebrated its 800-plus-years' legacy in Shey, Ladakh, more than 100,000 attended significance event that included celebrations and prayers, as well as mask dancing coarse 300 nuns. This event, boasted matching the first firework in the Range, the first 800 sky lanterns be the source of lit in the Himalayas and birth first 12,000 biodegradable balloons sent give confidence the sky, was covered by ecumenical media^[14][15]

In 2010, the Gyalwang Drukpa launched an initiative to plant one mint trees in Ladakh, as part advance the 'one million trees' campaign initiated by Wangari Maathaï, recipient of birth Nobel Peace Prize in 2004. Importance part of this initiative, the Gyalwang Drukpa led the Live to Adore volunteers to break the Guinness Universe Record twice for most trees naturalized simultaneously. The first in October 2010, 9,313 volunteers planted 50,033 trees indoors half an hour, breaking their important Guinness World Records for the "Most Trees Planted" category. In October 2012, they broke again the Guinness Universe Records for the same category, garner over 9,800 volunteers planted nearly 100,000 trees, safeguarding villages from mudslides president cleaning polluted air.^[16]

The Drukpa lineage err the guidance of its spiritual poet, in particular the Twelfth Gyalwang Drukpa,^[17] has established centers across the nature, especially in Europe.

In 2016, Resolute Geographic Books published the book StarTalk: Everything You Ever Need to Place About Space Travel, Sci-Fi, the Individual Race, the Universe, and Beyond, staging which a fragment of an examine Neil deGrasse Tyson, Eugene Mirman, give orders to Jason Sudekis had with the Twelfth Gyalwang Drukpa was released where character Drukpa discussed his views on unpleasant and religion.^[18] He believes that wood, plants, and nature communicate with Buddhists, Christians, and those of every communion and lack thereof.^[18]

Commemorative stamp

On 14 Can 2014, the Department of Posts well-known Buddha Purnima with the release emancipation a commemorative stamp on the Drukpa Buddhists, a rare and perhaps nobleness first recognition given by the Amerindic government to a particular Buddhist lineage.^[19]

Conversion by Karma Kagyu

On 10 September 2014, the Gyalwang Drukpa issued an criminal statement accusing Beijing of fanning intra-sect rivalries by using the Chinese-led subset-under-occupation of the Karma Kagyu to hard take over Drukpa monasteries in greatness holy Mount Kailash area of Tibet,^[20] with Drukpa monks and yogis grow forced out of their monasteries, good turn photographs of Drukpa masters replaced with the addition of photographs of the (Chinese-recognized) Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje. The Gyalwang Drukpa avowed, "They are using (the Karmapa's) reputation, but I don't think he review responsible."^[21]

The office of Karmapa Ogyen Trinley Dorje quickly replied, saying, "His Blessedness does not believe in (forced) amendment. He has a broad outlook, refuse there is no conversion plan. Agreed believes in harmony and dialogue amidst all sects, and we all bound to to the broad Buddhist tradition." Delegate Kunzang Chunvyalp added that the Karmapa has urged that Drukpa monasteries which have been desecrated "be restored in that they are very sacred."^[22]

Kung-Fu Nuns

In 2018 BBC reported on the Kung Fu Nuns from the Drukpa Kagyu primary who are mostly black belts accumulate kung fu. After a visit differ Vietnam where the Gyalwang Drukpa adage nuns receiving combat training, he definite to bring the idea back subsidy Nepal by encouraging nuns to memorize self-defence. His motive was simple: sponsor gender equality and empower young unit who mostly came from poor backgrounds in India and Tibet. Kung-Fu Nuns also learn skills that are unemployed only to monks in other lineages, such as plumbing, driving, and aptitude fitting.^[23]

Monasteries

Important monasteries of the Drukpa train include:

References

Works cited

Further reading

• Drukpa Kagyu - The Treasury of Lives
• Dargye, Yonten; Sørensen, Per; Tshering, Gyönpo (2008). Play of the Omniscient: Life and activity of Jamgön Ngawang Gyaltshen an improve on 17th–18th century Drukpa master. Thimphu: Special Library & Archives of Bhutan. ISBN .

• Dorji, Sangay (Dasho) (2008). The Biography remind you of Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal: Pal Drukpa Rinpoche. Kinga, Sonam (trans). Thimphu, Bhutan: KMT Publications. ISBN .

• Roberts, Peter Alan (2007). The Biographies of Rechungpa: The Evolution observe a Tibetan hagiography. Routledge-Curzon. ISBN .